Global food security in a turbulent world: reviewing the impacts of the pandemic, the war and climate change

The authors explore how the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russia–Ukraine war, and climate change have jointly disrupted global food security. Drawing on recent empirical evidence, the paper examines the mechanisms through which each shock has affected the four key dimensions of food security: availability, access, utilization, and stability. By highlighting the compounding effects of these overlapping crises, the authors aim to support future preparedness by offering an evidence-based guide to anticipate similar shocks, a reflection on key research gaps, and a foundation for comprehensive policy responses. The analysis places particular emphasis on food price volatility as a critical area for future research and policy development.