A Systematic Review of Assessing Climate Change Risks on Species and Ecosystems: Bibliometric Overview, Concepts, Approaches, and Trends

The authors present a bibliometric analysis of the research landscape on climate change risk assessment for species and ecosystems, identifying key themes, trends and collaborations. They integrate correlative, mechanistic, trait-based and criteria-based approaches, offering a comprehensive evaluation of their strengths and limitations. Five foundational concepts are highlighted as central to assessing risk: exposure, sensitivity, adaptivity, vulnerability and response. The review emphasizes future directions including the application of telecoupling, integration of empirical research, use of geographic data and development of early warning systems to enhance prediction and mitigation of climate risks.